What is Hyperion-X?
Hyperion-X is a production-grade financial payment switch designed to replace aging proprietary switch infrastructure with a modern, open-architecture platform. It routes and processes transactions across card networks (Visa, Mastercard, UnionPay), real-time rail systems (FedNow, SEPA Instant, PAPSS), and correspondent banking channels — all through a single, unified processing core.
The platform is built for financial institutions, banking-as-a-service operators, payment facilitators, and cross-border payment networks that need sub-100 ms authorization, cryptographic security to NIST standards, and verifiable compliance with PCI DSS v4.0.1, FAPI 2.0, and ISO 20022 CBPR+.
Target Markets
Core Value Proposition
Unmatched Protocol Breadth
Single platform supporting ISO 8583 (10 MTI pairs), ISO 20022 (17+ message types), EMV 3DS 2.3.1.1, CBPR+, SWIFT gpi, FedNow, and SEPA Instant — no integration middleware required.
Formal Correctness
Critical protocol state machines are proven correct using TLA+ model checking — not merely tested. 46+ specifications covering saga compensation, ledger commit, idempotency, and geo-failover.
Post-Quantum Ready
ML-KEM (FIPS 203) and ML-DSA (FIPS 204) hybrid cryptography from day one. No migration required when NIST mandates deprecate RSA/ECDSA in 2030.
28,143-test CI Gate
Every commit validated against a comprehensive test suite including chaos engineering, latency regression, OpenAPI contract, and formal spec existence gates. Zero failures on main.
Why Hyperion-X
Market Context
Global payment volumes are projected to reach $3.3 trillion transactions annually by 2027. Existing payment switch vendors (ACI, FIS, Temenos, Fiserv) charge per-transaction fees of $0.001–$0.005 on top of multi-million dollar license fees. A bank processing 500M transactions per year pays $500k–$2.5M annually in switch vendor fees alone — before customization, integration, or compliance uplift costs.
Key Business Drivers
| Driver | Problem with Legacy | Hyperion-X Solution |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 20022 CBPR+ Deadline | SWIFT mandates MX migration by Nov 2025; most switches require 3-year programs | Native ISO 20022 support + MT→MX automated converter; ready today |
| Real-Time Payments | Bolt-on RT modules with separate codebases and latency penalties | FedNow, SEPA Inst, PAPSS natively integrated in the same routing engine |
| PCI DSS v4.0.1 | Evidence collection is manual; QSA audits take months | Automated evidence collectors, SAQ-D packs, and CI-gated compliance tests |
| Post-Quantum Cryptography | Not on roadmap; vendors quote 5+ year migration programs | ML-KEM/ML-DSA hybrid operational; FIPS 203/204 compliant |
| Multi-Tenancy | Separate instances per tenant; 3–6x infrastructure cost | Native multi-tenant isolation at data layer; single cluster, multiple tenants |
| Embedded Finance / BaaS | Card programs need separate issuer processor contracts | Issuing, acquiring, loyalty, BNPL, and BaaS on a single platform |
Total Cost of Ownership Comparison
| Cost Component | Legacy Switch (3yr) | Hyperion-X (3yr) |
|---|---|---|
| License / subscription | $3M–$8M | Negotiated; no per-txn fees |
| Integration & implementation | $2M–$5M | $500k–$1.5M (open APIs, SDKs) |
| Compliance uplift | $500k–$2M (manual) | Automated; minimal incremental cost |
| Infrastructure (cloud) | Vendor-hosted (opaque) | Customer-controlled; horizontal scale |
| Feature customization | $200–$500/hr vendor hours | Open source; internal engineering |
Two-Plane Architecture
Hyperion-X separates transaction processing concerns into a high-throughput data plane and a policy-aware control plane. This separation allows the data plane to be scaled and optimized independently — including replacement with a Rust hot-path for 50k TPS targets — while the control plane manages cryptography, policy, and compliance state.
Core Processing Components
| Component | Technology | Role |
|---|---|---|
| API Gateway | FastAPI + FAPI 2.0 | REST and SSE ingress; PAR, DPoP, JARM auth |
| gRPC Service | grpcio + Protobuf v3 | Low-latency internal service mesh communication |
| Message Bus | Kafka / CloudEvents | Event streaming, DLQ, ordered delivery guarantee |
| Ledger | PostgreSQL + event sourcing | Double-entry accounting; tamper-evident Merkle audit |
| HSM Layer | Thales / Futurex / CloudHSM / Software | ZMK/ZPK key hierarchy; PIN block translation |
| Risk Engine | Python async + isolation forest ML | Real-time fraud scoring; velocity rules; graph analytics |
| Settlement | PostgreSQL + asyncio | T+0 position ledger; multilateral netting; MT950 export |
| Observability | Prometheus + OTEL + SIEM | Distributed tracing; CEF/Splunk export; SLA alerting |
Routing Architecture
The routing engine uses constrained optimization (shortest path with SLA and cost weights) over a multi-rail graph. BIN lookup uses a trie structure for O(log n) prefix matching. Fallback and override rules are applied in priority order before a final rail selection is committed.
Standards & Protocol Support
ISO 8583 — Card Transaction Messaging
| MTI Pair | Function | Fields | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
0100 / 0110 | Authorization request/response | DE 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 22, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 49 | Live |
0200 / 0210 | Financial transaction | + DE 54, 95, 102, 103 | Live |
0220 / 0230 | Advice (acquirer-initiated) | DE 39 = 00 or 10; tamper-evident journal | Live |
0400 / 0410 | Reversal request/response | Original data elements (DE 90) | Live |
0420 / 0430 | Reversal advice | Compensation saga integration | Live |
0800 / 0810 | Network management (echo, logon) | DE 70 function code | Live |
Additional surfaces: PostBridge dialects, Zone XML field definitions, PIN block translation (ISO 9564 Formats 0/1/3/4), MAC verification (ISO 9797 Alg 3, HMAC-SHA256, AES-CMAC), private/MAC fields (DE 48, 63), and Rust parser fallback for high-throughput paths.
ISO 20022 — Real-Time & Correspondent Payments
| Category | Messages | Standards |
|---|---|---|
| Payments | pacs.002 pacs.003 pacs.004 pacs.007 pacs.008 pacs.009 pacs.028 | CBPR+, SWIFT gpi, FedNow, SEPA Inst |
| Initiation | pain.001 pain.002 pain.007 pain.008 | Credit transfer, direct debit, reversal |
| Cash Mgmt | camt.026 camt.029 camt.052 camt.053 camt.054 camt.056 | Intraday liquidity, balance reporting, debit/credit notification |
| Migration | MT103→pacs.008, MT202→pacs.009, MT940/950→camt.053 | SWIFT CBPR+ Nov 2025 deadline |
EMV 3DS 2.3.1.1 — Strong Customer Authentication
Additional Rails & Schemes
Real-Time Rails
Card Networks
Correspondent Banking
Emerging Channels
Compliance Coverage
Hyperion-X ships with built-in compliance infrastructure — not just documentation. Evidence is collected programmatically and gated in CI, so compliance posture is continuously verified rather than point-in-time asserted.
| Standard | Scope | Automated Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCI DSS v4.0.1 | SAQ-D; Req 3, 8, 10 automated gates; QSA runbook | test_pci_dss_v4_evidence.py | Active |
| PCI PIN Security | 7 requirement areas; PIN audit immutable log; HSM ceremony | test_pci_pin_evidence.py | Active |
| FAPI 2.0 | PAR, DPoP, JARM, PKCE; Open Banking routers | test_fapi2_par.py, test_fapi_gap_coverage.py | Active |
| EMV 3DS 2.3.1.1 | ACS, DS, RBA, SCA exemptions, CAVV | tests/ci/emv3ds/ | Active |
| SOC 2 Type II | CC, A, C, PI, P criteria; evidence collectors & report generators | test_soc2_type2_evidence.py | Active |
| GDPR / DSAR | Art. 15/17/20 rights; right to erasure; data portability | test_gdpr_rights.py | Active |
| ISO 27001:2022 | All 93 Annex A controls mapped; ISMS report; SoA export | test_iso27001_evidence.py | Active |
| AML / FATF | STR workflow; sanctions screening; travel rule (IVMS101) | tests/ci/aml/ | Active |
| FATF Travel Rule | IVMS101 v1.0; VASP-to-VASP submission; $1,000 threshold | test_travel_rule_ivms101.py | Active |
| CBPR+ (SWIFT MX) | pacs.008/009, camt.054 validation; UETR; deadline tracking | test_cbpr_plus_gpi.py | Active |
| PSD2 / Open Banking | Consent lifecycle; AISP/PISP; x-jws-signature; scope enforcement | test_open_banking_psd2.py | Active |
| TCFD / ESG | Carbon footprint per rail; TCFD report export; net-zero trajectory | test_carbon_tracking.py | Active |
Regulatory Reporting
Security
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Hyperion-X implements NIST-standardized post-quantum algorithms as a hybrid layer alongside classical cryptography — meaning no single cryptographic failure compromises the system.
| Algorithm | NIST Standard | Parameter Set | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| ML-KEM | FIPS 203 | ML-KEM-768 (default) | Key encapsulation; session key exchange |
| ML-DSA | FIPS 204 | ML-DSA-65 (default) | Digital signatures; message authentication |
| Hybrid KEM | X25519 + ML-KEM-768 | NIST recommended | TLS session establishment |
| AES-CMAC / HMAC-SHA256 | FIPS 197 / FIPS 198 | 256-bit keys | Message authentication (ISO 8583 MAC) |
HSM Architecture
A vendor-neutral HSM abstraction layer supports Thales payShield, Futurex KMES, and AWS CloudHSM through a unified interface — preventing vendor lock-in and enabling key ceremony standardization across hardware types.
Transport & Network Security
Identity & Access
Authentication Factors
Authorization Model
Performance Characteristics
SLO Gate Matrix (CI-enforced)
| SLO | Threshold | Measurement | CI Failure Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authorization p99 | < 150 ms | 1,000-sample rolling window | > 110% of baseline p99 |
| Authorization p95 | < 50 ms | Continuous | > 15% regression from baseline |
| BIN lookup p99 | < 1 ms | Trie lookup profiling | Any regression |
| Routing decision p99 | < 1 ms | Constraint solver timing | Any regression |
| Idempotency acquire p99 | < 5 ms | Redis/PG latency | > 10% regression |
| Settlement completion | > 99.5% | Per-window batch rate | Below threshold |
| Webhook delivery rate | > 99.9% | 7-attempt retry tracking | Below threshold |
| API 5xx error rate | < 0.1% | Rolling 1-hour window | Above threshold |
tests/ci/performance/baseline.json) records p50, p95, p99 over 1,000 authorization samples. A 10% regression from baseline on any percentile fails the build before merge.
Scalability Model
Throughput scales horizontally via stateless data-plane workers behind a load balancer. The system follows M/M/m queueing theory models for capacity planning: at target utilization ≤ 70%, average queue latency contribution is under 5 ms. The v1.1 Rust hot-path replaces the Python authorization core for 10× throughput improvement at equivalent infrastructure cost.
APIs & Integration
REST API (OpenAPI 3.1)
The primary integration surface is a versioned REST API at /v1/ with full OpenAPI specification. A SHA-256-pinned hyperion-public.yaml artifact is generated on every build — contract drift from the registered spec fails CI.
# Authorization endpoint
POST /v1/authorize
Authorization: DPoP {token}
Content-Type: application/json
{
"payment_id": "01944abc-...",
"tenant_id": "acq-ke-001",
"amount_cents": 5000,
"currency": "KES",
"card_token": "tok_..."
}
gRPC / Protobuf
A gRPC service layer provides PaymentService and AccountService over HTTP/2 for inter-service communication. Bidirectional streaming enables real-time payment event subscriptions.
Webhooks
Guaranteed webhook delivery with 7-retry exponential backoff and HMAC-SHA256 signature verification. Dead-letter queue captures undeliverable events for replay. Delivery rate SLO: 99.9%.
Event Streaming
Server-Sent Events (SSE) at /v1/events/stream and Kafka topics for asynchronous event consumers. All events conform to CloudEvents v1.0 schema with typed schemas in configs/cloudevents/.
Multi-Language SDKs
| Language | Package | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Python | sdks/python/hyperion_client/ | Async httpx client, typed Pydantic models, retry logic |
| TypeScript | sdks/typescript/src/ | fetch-based, TypeScript interfaces, tree-shakeable |
| Go | sdks/go/hyperion/ | net/http client, typed structs, context propagation |
Interactive API Playground
A built-in playground at /playground renders the OpenAPI spec with try-it-out capability using sandbox API keys — reducing integration friction for development teams.
Capability Matrix by Domain
Payment Processing
Card Issuing & Acquiring
Fraud & Risk
Identity & Onboarding
Financial Operations
Emerging & Specialty
Competitive Differentiation Table
| Capability | Hyperion-X | ACI / FIS | Temenos | Open-source (Mojaloop) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO 8583 + ISO 20022 native | ✓ Both | Partial | ✓ | ISO 20022 only |
| Post-quantum cryptography | ✓ ML-KEM/ML-DSA | Roadmap | Roadmap | None |
| TLA+ formal verification | ✓ 46 specs | None | None | None |
| Automated compliance evidence | ✓ CI-gated | Manual | Manual | None |
| Multi-language SDKs | ✓ Py/TS/Go | Vendor SDK | Limited | JS only |
| Chaos engineering suite | ✓ 4 scenarios | None | None | None |
| gRPC service layer | ✓ | REST only | REST only | Limited |
| Per-transaction license fee | $0 | $0.001–$0.005 | $0.001+ | $0 |
| FATF Travel Rule (IVMS101) | ✓ | Add-on | Add-on | None |
| ESG / carbon reporting | ✓ TCFD | None | None | None |
Deployment Models
Cloud-Native (Kubernetes)
Helm charts for all components. Horizontal pod autoscaling on the data-plane workers. SIGTERM-aware graceful drain. Prometheus metrics and Grafana dashboards included.
On-Premises
Docker Compose for development; bare-metal or VM deployments supported. HSM integration requires physical or VPC-peered HSM connectivity.
Multi-Region Active-Active
CRDT-based state replication across EU, US, APAC regions. Haversine geo-routing selects nearest healthy region. Failover completes in under 30 seconds with zero data loss (RPO = 0).
Hybrid / Shadow Processing
Hyperion-X can run in shadow mode alongside an existing switch — processing a copy of live traffic to build confidence before cutover. Ideal for risk-averse migrations from legacy systems.
Infrastructure Requirements (Production Reference)
| Component | Minimum | Recommended (1k TPS) | High Throughput (50k TPS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data-plane workers | 2 × 4 vCPU / 8 GB | 4 × 8 vCPU / 16 GB | 16 × 32 vCPU / 64 GB (Rust) |
| PostgreSQL | 1 primary + 1 replica | Primary + 2 replicas + PgBouncer | Citus / Aurora Distributed |
| Redis | 1 node (6 GB) | Cluster (3 × 8 GB) | Cluster (6 × 16 GB) |
| Kafka | 3-node cluster | 3-node cluster + MirrorMaker | 6-node cluster + cross-region |
| HSM | 1 × Software HSM | 1 × Thales payShield 10k | 2 × Thales payShield 10k (HA) |
Testing & Formal Verification
Test Categories
| Category | Coverage | Framework |
|---|---|---|
| Unit / integration | All modules; real objects, no mocks (except LLM) | pytest + pytest-asyncio |
| API contract | OpenAPI spec SHA-256 pinned; drift fails build | pytest + requests |
| Performance regression | p50/p95/p99 vs baseline; 10% threshold | pytest-benchmark |
| SLO gates | Auth latency, settlement rate, webhook delivery, error rate | pytest + async timing |
| Compliance evidence | PCI DSS, PCI PIN, SOC 2, GDPR, ISO 27001, AML | pytest (all CI-gated) |
| Formal verification | TLA+ model checking; spec existence + syntax CI gate | TLC + pytest |
| Chaos engineering | Network partition, latency injection, HSM failure, DB exhaustion | pytest + monkeypatch |
| Certification harness | Visa ADVT, Mastercard MPE, UPI NPCI test cases | pytest |
TLA+ Formal Specifications (Selected)
Agency Banking Platform
Hyperion-X includes a fully integrated agency banking module that enables financial institutions to extend their reach through a network of human and automated agents — merchants, shops, mobile money operators — without opening physical branches. The module handles agent lifecycle, float management, liquidity distribution, transaction limits, and regulatory reporting under a single API surface.
Agent Network Management
| Capability | Detail |
|---|---|
| Agent onboarding | KYB workflow with document verification, risk scoring, and tier assignment (Tier 1–3 transaction limits) |
| Hierarchy model | Master agent → Sub-agent → Outlet; float allocation flows top-down; commissions roll up |
| Geographic mapping | Agent location registry with geofenced transaction validation; fraud rules trigger on location anomalies |
| Device binding | Each agent terminal bound to agent ID; transactions from unregistered devices rejected |
| Status management | Active / suspended / dormant states; suspension cascade to sub-agents; audit trail on every state change |
| Agent portal | Web dashboard: float balance, transaction history, commission statement, dispute initiation |
Float & Liquidity Management
Float (e-money balance) is a liability on the institution's books. The platform manages float as a real-time sub-ledger entry within the main double-entry ledger, not as an external reconciliation batch.
Transaction Services via Agent Network
| Service | Channel | Float Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Cash deposit (cash-in) | USSD, POS, agent app | Agent float increases; customer account credited |
| Cash withdrawal (cash-out) | USSD, POS, agent app | Agent float decreases; customer account debited |
| Utility bill payment | USSD, POS | Agent float decreases; biller account credited |
| Airtime / data top-up | USSD, POS | Agent float decreases; telco credit settled T+0 |
| Account opening (proxy) | Agent app + eKYC | No float impact; triggers KYC workflow |
| Loan disbursement | Agent app | Agent float increases (acts as distribution point) |
| Savings / micro-deposits | USSD, POS | Agent float decreases; savings account credited |
| Inter-bank transfers | Agent app (RTGS/RTP) | Routes through switch rails; agent earns commission |
Commission & Revenue Engine
Commission Schedules
Transaction-type-specific rate tables: flat fee, percentage, or tiered by volume band. Rates set at institution level, overridable per agent tier. Commission accrues to agent float in real time.
Revenue Sharing
Multi-level commission splits: institution → master agent → sub-agent → outlet. Each split is configurable in basis points. Revenue share statement generated daily per entity in the hierarchy.
Interchange Capture
For card-based agent transactions, the platform captures scheme interchange and credits the configured revenue share participants — including the institution as issuer/acquirer.
Tax Withholding
Jurisdiction-configurable withholding tax (WHT) on commissions. Withheld amounts reported separately in agent commission statements for regulatory filing.
USSD & Channel Integration
Regulatory & Compliance
POS & Terminal Management
Hyperion-X manages the full lifecycle of POS terminal estates — from provisioning and key injection to transaction processing, settlement, and dispute initiation. The platform supports hardware POS (Ingenico, Verifone, PAX, Nexgo), SoftPOS (tap-on-phone), and browser-based virtual terminals, all routing through the same authorization core.
Terminal Lifecycle Management
| Lifecycle Stage | Capability |
|---|---|
| Provisioning | Remote TMS provisioning via ISO 8583 MTI 0800 network management or REST; terminal parameters pushed over-the-air (OTA) |
| Key injection | DUKPT key injection per terminal; ZMK/ZPK hierarchy from HSM; initial MAC/PIN keys delivered over TLS |
| Terminal registration | Terminal ID (TID) + merchant ID (MID) binding; scheme acquirer registration (Visa/MC/UnionPay) |
| Firmware management | OTA firmware and application updates; staged rollout; rollback on failure |
| Health monitoring | Heartbeat (MTI 0800/0810); last-seen timestamp; alert on offline > configurable threshold |
| Decommissioning | Remote key erasure; scheme deregistration; terminal status archived |
EMV Card Acceptance
Contact EMV
Full EMV chip flow: card authentication, cardholder verification (PIN / signature / no-CVM), transaction authorization. Application Selection (PSE / direct AID), offline data authentication (SDA/DDA/CDA), online authorization with ARQC/ARPC.
Contactless (NFC)
ISO 14443 / ISO 18092 contactless kernel: Visa Contactless (qVSDC), Mastercard PayPass/Contactless, AMEX ExpressPay, eftpos (Australia). CVM limit enforcement; floor limit offline approvals; consumer device cardholder verification (CDCVM).
Magnetic Stripe (Legacy)
Track 2 magnetic stripe fallback path for non-EMV cards. Fraud controls applied: MSR-only transactions subject to enhanced velocity checks, reduced floor limits, and mandatory online authorization.
SoftPOS (Tap-on-Phone)
NFC-based card acceptance on Android devices without dedicated hardware. PCI CPoC (Contactless Payments on COTS) compliant. Secure element attestation via TEE; PIN on glass for amounts above CVM limit.
PIN Processing & Security
Offline & Intermittent Connectivity
Terminals in low-connectivity environments (rural agency banking, aircraft, remote retail) operate in offline authorization mode. The platform manages the associated risk through a configurable offline approval matrix.
| Parameter | Default | Configurable? |
|---|---|---|
| Offline floor limit | Scheme-defined per MCC | Yes — per merchant, per terminal |
| Offline transaction count cap | 10 per batch | Yes — risk-adjusted |
| Offline cumulative limit | $500 / KES 50,000 | Yes — per terminal per session |
| Offline advice upload window | On reconnection (< 24h) | Yes — configurable TTL before void |
| Exception file check | Daily push to terminal | Yes — frequency configurable |
Merchant Management
Virtual Terminal & eCommerce POS
Virtual Terminal (MOTO)
Browser-based card-not-present terminal for mail-order / telephone-order merchants. Supports manual PAN entry, expiry, CVV2 verification, AVS. Transactions flagged as MOTO for liability and interchange purposes. SAQ B/B-IP eligible.
Hosted Payment Page
PCI-compliant hosted payment page (HPP) with customer-facing card form. Tokenization returns a card token to the merchant — merchant never handles raw PAN. EMV 3DS 2.3.1.1 SCA embedded in the checkout flow.
Payment Links
Merchants generate one-time or reusable payment links with configurable amount, expiry, and metadata. Links route through the standard checkout flow; settlement to merchant account is immediate on approval.
QR Code Payments
Merchant-Presented Mode (MPM) and Consumer-Presented Mode (CPM) QR codes per EMVCo QR specification. Interoperable with national QR schemes (UPI, JomPAY, PromptPay, etc.).
Acquiring Settlement
| Process | Detail |
|---|---|
| Batch close | Terminal-initiated or TMS-scheduled; reconciliation totals sent via ISO 8583 balance inquiry (MTI 0100 / 0110 DE 54) |
| Clearing file generation | Visa BASE II and Mastercard IPM clearing files generated per settlement window |
| Interchange calculation | MCC + card type + channel + CVM → interchange category → rate lookup; billed to merchant net of interchange |
| Funding timeline | T+0 (real-time rails), T+1 (card networks standard), T+2 (configurable reserve holdback) |
| Multi-currency settlement | Settlement in acquirer home currency with FX applied at scheme rate; DCC transactions settled in cardholder currency |
| Split settlement | Platform splits gross transaction proceeds to multiple beneficiaries (marketplace, platform fee, merchant) in a single settlement event |
POS Scheme Certification Coverage
Tokenization & Wallet Provisioning
Hyperion-X provides a dual-layer tokenization capability: a platform-native PAN vault for local token issuance, and certified integrations with Visa Token Service (VTS) and Mastercard Digital Enablement Service (MDES) for network tokens accepted globally at any scheme-enabled merchant. Tokens are opaque 16-digit values that can be used wherever a PAN is accepted, isolating raw card data from every downstream system.
PAN Vault & Platform Tokens
| Capability | Detail |
|---|---|
| Token format | 16-digit PAN-length token; BIN range allocated to issuer; passes Luhn check; scheme-compliant |
| Storage | Raw PAN stored in HSM-encrypted vault; format-preserving encryption (FF3-1, NIST SP 800-38G); token↔PAN mapping never leaves secure enclave |
| Token scoping | Tokens scoped to: (a) merchant MID only, (b) merchant + channel, (c) subscription (recurring), (d) card-on-file (multi-merchant). Scope violations rejected at authorization gate |
| Expiry | Tokens carry their own expiry independent of underlying card; renewed automatically on card re-issue without merchant disruption |
| De-tokenization | Restricted API endpoint; audit-logged; accessible only to HSM-authenticated callers with detokenize scope; not available on public API plane |
| Token suspension | Instant token suspend/resume without card cancellation; used for fraud holds, merchant disputes |
Network Tokenization (VTS / MDES)
Network tokens are issued by card schemes directly and are accepted at any terminal worldwide without merchant integration changes. Hyperion-X acts as Token Requestor and manages the full provisioning and lifecycle on behalf of issuers and wallets.
| Scheme | Service | Token Requestor Role | Cryptogram |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa | Visa Token Service (VTS) | Token Requestor (TRID assigned) | TAVV (Token Authentication Verification Value) |
| Mastercard | MDES (Digital Enablement Service) | Token Requestor | DSRP cryptogram (UCAF) |
| Amex | Amex Token Service | Token Requestor | AEVV |
Token Lifecycle State Machine
Digital Wallet Provisioning Flows
Apple Pay
Push provisioning via Apple Wallet API. Identity & Verification (IDV) step: issuer chooses green path (automatic), yellow path (additional check), or red path (manual review). ARQC-based transaction cryptograms. Issuer-hosted activation server supported.
Google Pay
Network tokenization via VTS or MDES; cloud-based token. Device-level binding via Android Keystore. Supports both tap-to-pay (NFC) and ecommerce (DSRP) cryptogram flows.
Samsung Pay
Token provisioning via VTS/MDES with MST (Magnetic Secure Transmission) fallback for legacy terminals. Samsung Pay server manages token cryptogram rotation on each tap.
OEM / Custom Wallets
Open Token Requestor API allows any certified wallet provider to integrate provisioning and lifecycle management. Supports both VTS/MDES-brokered and platform-native token paths.
Dispute & Chargeback Lifecycle
Hyperion-X manages the full dispute lifecycle from cardholder claim through scheme arbitration — automating evidence assembly, deadline tracking, and scheme message generation (ISO 8583 0420/0430 and ISO 20022 pacs.004/camt.029) so operations teams are not manually keying into scheme portals.
Dispute Workflow
Chargeback Reason Codes
| Scheme | Category | Key Reason Codes | Deadline (First CB) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa | Fraud | 10.1 EMV Liability Shift, 10.2 CNP Fraud, 10.3 Other Fraud | 120 days from transaction |
| Visa | Authorization | 11.1 Card Recovery Bulletin, 11.2 Declined Authorization, 11.3 No Authorization | 75 days |
| Visa | Processing Errors | 12.1–12.7 (incorrect amount, late presentment, duplicate, etc.) | 120 days |
| Visa | Consumer Disputes | 13.1 Merchandise Not Received, 13.2 Cancelled Recurring, 13.3 Not as Described | 120 days |
| Mastercard | Fraud | 4837 No Cardholder Authorization, 4849 Questionable Merchant Activity, 4863 Cardholder Not Recognize | 120 days |
| Mastercard | Authorization | 4808 Required Authorization Not Obtained, 4834 Duplicate Processing | 90 days |
| Mastercard | Point of Interaction | 4853 Cardholder Dispute, 4855 Non-Receipt of Merchandise, 4860 Credit Not Processed | 120 days |
| UnionPay | All categories | UP-specific codes; 60-day first CB window | 60 days |
Automated Evidence Assembly
Chargeback Prevention
| Tool | How it works |
|---|---|
| Visa Order Insight (formerly Verifi) | Merchant transaction detail delivered to issuer before cardholder files dispute; resolves ~40% of potential chargebacks |
| Mastercard Consumer Clarity | Descriptor enrichment (merchant name, logo, map pin) sent to issuer; reduces unrecognized transaction disputes |
| Ethoca Alerts | Real-time fraud alert from issuer triggers merchant refund before chargeback filed; avoids scheme fees |
| Refund automation | Configurable rules: if dispute reason = CNP fraud AND transaction < $X, auto-refund rather than contest |
Network Architecture & Connectivity
Hyperion-X connects to card schemes, correspondent banking networks, and real-time rail systems through a layered connectivity stack. All external connections terminate at a dedicated DMZ gateway with strict egress filtering; no scheme connection traverses shared application network segments.
Scheme Connectivity Models
| Network | Primary Connectivity | Protocol | Redundancy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visa VisaNet | Dedicated IP (DIP) leased line or Visa Direct IP | ISO 8583 over TCP; TLS 1.3 overlay | Primary + secondary VisaNet host; geographic failover |
| Mastercard BankNet | MC IP (MCIP) over MPLS or internet VPN | ISO 8583 over TCP; TLS 1.3 | Dual BankNet endpoints; auto-switchover < 30s |
| SWIFT | SWIFT Alliance Access (SAA) or SWIFTNet Link (SNL) | ISO 20022 MX over SWIFTNet; FIN for legacy MT | SAA clustering; DR SAA instance |
| FedNow | FedLine Direct (dedicated) or FedLine Command | ISO 20022 pacs.008/028 over HTTPS | FedNow HA; dual Fed endpoints |
| SEPA Instant (RT1/TIPS) | EBA Clearing RT1 or ECB TIPS API | ISO 20022 pacs.008/002 over HTTPS | Dual clearing house connectivity |
| UnionPay (CUP) | CUP dedicated line or internet VPN | ISO 8583 variant over TCP | Primary + backup CUP endpoint |
| Local RTPs | Central bank API (REST/HTTPS) | ISO 20022 or proprietary JSON | Per-scheme HA design |
Network Segmentation
Latency Budget (POS Authorization)
| Hop | p50 | p99 |
|---|---|---|
| Terminal → acquirer host (network) | 5 ms | 25 ms |
| Acquirer ingress → routing decision | 1 ms | 3 ms |
| BIN lookup (trie) | < 0.1 ms | 0.5 ms |
| Risk scoring (ML) | 2 ms | 8 ms |
| Idempotency acquire (Redis) | 1 ms | 4 ms |
| Issuer host authorization | 10 ms | 40 ms |
| Response routing + encoding | 0.5 ms | 2 ms |
| Acquirer → terminal (network) | 5 ms | 25 ms |
| End-to-end total | ~25 ms | ~108 ms |
Disaster Recovery & BCP Connectivity
Treasury, Liquidity & FX
Hyperion-X includes a real-time treasury module that manages intraday liquidity positions, nostro/vostro funding, FX conversion, and correspondent banking settlement — all as first-class ledger operations rather than batch reconciliation jobs.
Position Management
| Concept | Implementation |
|---|---|
| Settlement position | Real-time multilateral net position per currency per settlement window; updated atomically on each transaction commit |
| Intraday credit line | Configurable per correspondent; credit consumed on debit transactions, restored on credit; breach triggers auto-reject or escalation |
| Position limits | Hard limits (reject above) and soft limits (alert + require manual approval); configurable per currency, correspondent, and time window |
| Auto-sweep | When position approaches low threshold, auto-sweep rule triggers a funding transfer from pre-configured nostro source; configurable amount and destination |
| 24h intraday forecast | Rolling 24-hour liquidity forecast based on historical flow patterns; updated every 15 minutes; surfaced in treasury dashboard |
| MT950 / camt.053 | End-of-day statement generation in SWIFT MT950 and ISO 20022 camt.053 formats for bank reconciliation |
FX & Currency Conversion
FX Rate Management
Rate feeds from configurable providers (Bloomberg, Reuters, ECB, central bank APIs). Rates applied with configurable spread per currency pair. Rates aged beyond TTL trigger fallback to last-known or transaction rejection.
Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC)
At POS: cardholder's home currency rate displayed before authorization; cardholder opts in or out. DCC margin captured as revenue. Scheme DCC rules enforced per network (Visa IOS, MC DCC regulations).
FX Hedging Positions
FX exposure tracked per currency pair in real time. Configurable hedge ratio triggers a hedge order notification when net FX exposure exceeds threshold — integrates with treasury team workflow rather than executing trades autonomously.
Cross-Border Settlement
CBPR+ pacs.008/009 used for correspondent settlement. Deducted from nostro position in real time. FX applied at confirmed rate; settlement difference posted to FX suspense account for daily reconciliation.
Nostro / Vostro Account Management
| Account Type | Role | Operations Supported |
|---|---|---|
| Nostro | Our account held at a correspondent bank (theirs) | Balance query, top-up, sweep, reconciliation, MT940/camt.053 import |
| Vostro | Correspondent's account held at our bank | Credit/debit on their behalf, statement generation, interest accrual |
| Mirror ledger | Internal shadow of each nostro for real-time position | Updated on every transaction; reconciled against external statement at EOD |
Open Banking / PSD2 / FAPI 2.0
Hyperion-X implements a fully conformant Open Banking API surface aligned to the UK Open Banking Standard, EU PSD2 RTS on SCA, Berlin Group NextGenPSD2, and FAPI 2.0 security profile — enabling Third-Party Providers (TPPs) to initiate payments and access account information with robust consent governance.
TPP Roles Supported
| Role | Abbreviation | Capability | Regulatory Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Account Information Service Provider | AISP | Read balance, transactions, account details | PSD2 Art. 67; UK OB Read/Write API |
| Payment Initiation Service Provider | PISP | Initiate credit transfers from cardholder account | PSD2 Art. 66; UK OB Payment API |
| Card-Based Payment Instrument Issuer | CBPII | Confirm funds availability for card payment | PSD2 Art. 65; UK OB Funds Confirmation |
Consent Lifecycle
FAPI 2.0 Security Profile
| Mechanism | Implementation |
|---|---|
| Pushed Authorization Request (PAR) | RFC 9126; authorization parameters POSTed to /as/par before redirect; request_uri returned |
| DPoP (Demonstrating Proof-of-Possession) | RFC 9449; sender-constrained access tokens; token bound to TPP's key pair; replays rejected |
| JARM (JWT Authorization Response Mode) | OIDF FAPI; authorization response as signed JWT; prevents CSRF and parameter tampering |
| PKCE | RFC 7636 S256 method; code challenge verified at token exchange |
| QWAC Certificate validation | PSD2 eIDAS QWAC; TPP certificate extracted, validated against eIDAS TSL; role confirmed against NCA register |
| mTLS client authentication | RFC 8705; TPP certificate bound to access token; cnf claim verified on each API call |
SCA & Exemptions
Fraud Detection & Risk Management
The fraud engine runs inline on the authorization hot-path and returns a score within 2–5 ms. It combines rule-based velocity checks, ML scoring, and graph analytics — each independently actionable or combined via a configurable decision policy.
Scoring Architecture
| Layer | Method | Latency | Output |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rules engine | Velocity rules: txn count, amount, geography, MCC, time-of-day; threshold-based | < 0.5 ms | BLOCK / ALLOW / CHALLENGE |
| ML scoring | Isolation forest + gradient boosting; 150+ features; retrained weekly on 90-day rolling window | 2–5 ms | Score 0.0–1.0 + top-3 features |
| Graph analytics | Entity relationship graph; ring detection, mule network scoring, shared-device clusters | 5–15 ms (async enrichment) | Risk flags + entity links |
| 3DS decision | Risk-based authentication decision for ecommerce; SCA exemption or challenge | 1 ms | Challenge / Frictionless / Block |
Feature Engineering (ML Model Inputs — Selected)
Transaction Features
Velocity Features (rolling windows)
Device & Network Features
Account & Cardholder Features
Model Governance
| Process | Detail |
|---|---|
| Training cadence | Weekly retraining on 90-day rolling window; nightly feature store refresh |
| Champion/challenger | Shadow model scores every transaction; challenger promoted when AUC ≥ champion + 0.5% over 14-day evaluation period |
| Drift detection | Population Stability Index (PSI) monitored daily; alert if PSI > 0.2; emergency retrain triggered at PSI > 0.25 |
| Explainability | SHAP values stored per scored transaction for regulator and ops review; top-3 features surfaced in dispute evidence |
| False positive monitoring | False positive rate tracked daily per segment; automatic threshold relaxation if FPR exceeds SLA |
AML & Sanctions
Operations, Monitoring & Key Management
Observability Stack
| Layer | Technology | Key Signals |
|---|---|---|
| Metrics | Prometheus + Grafana | TPS, latency histograms (p50/p95/p99), error rate, queue depth, circuit breaker state |
| Distributed tracing | OpenTelemetry (W3C traceparent) | End-to-end trace per transaction across all services; sampled at 100% for errors, 1% for success |
| Log aggregation | Loki / ELK / Splunk | Structured JSON logs; PAN masked; trace ID correlation; CEF format for SIEM |
| Alerting | Alertmanager + PagerDuty Events API v2 | SLO breach, circuit breaker open, HSM offline, scheme link down, fraud spike |
| SLA dashboard | Grafana (pre-built dashboards included) | Real-time SLA compliance gauge per service; historical trend; SLO burn rate |
Incident Severity Matrix
| Severity | Criteria | Response Time | Escalation |
|---|---|---|---|
| SEV-1 | Complete payment processing outage; scheme link down; HSM offline | Oncall paged immediately; 15-min bridge | Engineering lead + CTO at 30 min |
| SEV-2 | Degraded TPS (>20% drop); p99 > 500ms; error rate > 1% | Oncall paged; 30-min SLA to stabilize | Engineering lead at 1 hour |
| SEV-3 | Non-critical service degraded; single region affected; partial feature unavailable | Slack alert; business hours response | Team lead notified |
| SEV-4 | Monitoring gap; non-customer-facing issue; cosmetic bug | Ticket created; next sprint | None |
Key Management Operations
| Operation | Frequency | Process |
|---|---|---|
| ZMK ceremony | Annually or on compromise | 2-of-3 key custodian quorum; physical HSM ceremony; dual control; no single person sees full key |
| ZPK rotation | Per scheme requirement (typically annually) | Online key exchange using existing ZMK; automated via HSM API; zero-downtime rotation |
| Session key expiry | Configurable TTL (default 8h) | Auto-expiry; new session keys derived on sign-on; KCV verified before use |
| TLS certificate rotation | 90-day (Let's Encrypt) or annual (commercial CA) | Automated via cert-manager (K8s) or manual playbook; staged rollout; rollback procedure documented |
| mTLS client certs | 1-year validity; 30-day renewal window | Automated renewal + push to dependent services; old cert kept valid for 7-day grace |
| PQC key material | Per-session (ML-KEM encapsulation) | New keypair per TLS session; no persistent key material; forward secrecy guaranteed |
Backup & Recovery
Conceptual Data Model
Key entities and their relationships. All entities carry a UUID7 primary key, tenant_id for multi-tenant isolation, and created_at / updated_at timestamps. The ledger entities are append-only; no ledger record is ever updated in place.
Core Entities
| Entity | Key Fields | Relationships |
|---|---|---|
| Tenant | tenant_id, name, config, tier | Root of all multi-tenant data; 1:N to every entity below |
| Cardholder | cardholder_id, eKYC status, tier, risk score | 1:N Cards; 1:N Accounts; 1:N Consents |
| Card | card_id, BIN, PAN token, expiry, status, product_config_id | N:1 Cardholder; N:1 CardProduct; 1:N Tokens; 1:N Transactions |
| CardProduct | product_id, scheme, BIN range, credit_limit, interchange_category | N:1 BINSponsor; 1:N Cards |
| Token | token_id, token_value, scope, wallet_type, status, expiry | N:1 Card; N:1 TokenRequestor |
| Transaction | payment_id, MTI, amount, currency, status, rail, risk_score, stan, rrn | N:1 Card; N:1 Merchant; 1:1 AuthorizationResult; 1:1 Settlement; 1:N LedgerEntries |
| AuthorizationResult | auth_id, response_code, ARQC, ARPC, approval_code, latency_ms | 1:1 Transaction |
| LedgerEntry | entry_id, debit/credit, account_id, amount, currency, memo, idempotency_key | N:1 Transaction; N:1 Account; append-only |
| Account | account_id, type (nostro/vostro/float/settlement), currency, balance | N:1 Tenant; 1:N LedgerEntries |
| Merchant | merchant_id, MID, MCC, status, risk_tier, settlement_config | 1:N Terminals; 1:N Transactions; 1:N Disputes |
| Terminal | terminal_id, TID, type (POS/MPOS/SoftPOS/Virtual), firmware_version, key_version | N:1 Merchant; 1:N Transactions |
| Agent | agent_id, tier, parent_agent_id, float_account_id, status, geo | Self-referential hierarchy; 1:N AgentTransactions; 1:N Commissions |
| Dispute | dispute_id, reason_code, stage, deadline, outcome, evidence_refs | N:1 Transaction; N:1 Merchant; 1:N DisputeEvents |
| Consent | consent_id, scope, tpp_id, psu_id, status, expiry, permissions | N:1 Cardholder; N:1 TPP; 1:N ConsentEvents |
| SettlementPosition | position_id, window, rail, currency, net_amount, status | N:1 Account; 1:N Transactions in window |
Ledger Invariants (TLA+ proven)
ledger_double_entry.tla model checking across all reachable states.
Webhook & Event Catalog
All platform events conform to the CloudEvents v1.0 specification. Events are delivered via webhooks (HTTPS POST with HMAC-SHA256 X-Hyperion-Signature), Kafka topics, and the SSE stream at /v1/events/stream. Every event carries a UUID7 id, tenant_id, W3C traceparent, and monotonic sequence for gap detection.
Payment Events
| Event Type | Trigger | Key Payload Fields |
|---|---|---|
payment.authorized | Authorization approved (response code 00) | payment_id, amount, currency, card_token, merchant_id, rail, risk_score, approval_code |
payment.declined | Authorization declined (any non-00 response) | payment_id, amount, currency, response_code, decline_reason, risk_score |
payment.reversed | Reversal processed (MTI 0400 / 0420) | payment_id, original_payment_id, amount, reason_code |
payment.refunded | Refund credit posted to cardholder | payment_id, refund_id, amount, currency, merchant_id |
payment.captured | Pre-auth capture completed | payment_id, original_auth_id, captured_amount, tip_amount |
payment.expired | Pre-authorization expired without capture | payment_id, authorized_amount, expired_at |
payment.saga.compensated | Saga compensation completed after downstream failure | payment_id, saga_id, compensation_steps, final_state |
Card & Token Events
| Event Type | Trigger |
|---|---|
card.issued | New card created; ready for embossing or virtual use |
card.activated | Card activated by cardholder |
card.suspended | Card suspended (fraud hold, cardholder request) |
card.cancelled | Card permanently cancelled |
card.renewed | Card renewed; new expiry; tokens auto-updated |
token.provisioned | Network token provisioned to wallet |
token.activated | Token activated and available for payment |
token.suspended | Token suspended; associated card payments still accepted |
token.deleted | Token permanently deleted from wallet |
Dispute & Settlement Events
| Event Type | Trigger |
|---|---|
dispute.opened | Chargeback initiated by issuer or cardholder claim accepted |
dispute.representment_due | Acquirer representment deadline T-7 days |
dispute.resolved | Dispute closed (won / lost / accepted) |
settlement.window_opened | New settlement window started |
settlement.window_closed | Settlement window closed; netting complete |
settlement.funded | Merchant account credited with settled funds |
liquidity.low_float_alert | Agent or nostro account below threshold |
liquidity.sweep_executed | Auto-sweep rule triggered and transfer initiated |
Compliance & Risk Events
| Event Type | Trigger |
|---|---|
fraud.alert | ML score ≥ configured threshold; transaction flagged for review |
fraud.blocked | Transaction blocked by fraud engine; cardholder not contacted |
aml.str_filed | Suspicious Transaction Report submitted to FIU |
aml.sanctions_match | Sanctions screen hit; transaction blocked; compliance notified |
kyc.approved | eKYC process passed; account tier upgraded |
kyc.rejected | eKYC failed; account restricted |
consent.authorised | PSU approved Open Banking consent |
consent.revoked | PSU revoked consent; TPP access immediately terminated |
Webhook Delivery Guarantees
X-Hyperion-Event-ID) for deduplication. Retry schedule: immediate → 30s → 2min → 10min → 30min → 2h → 6h (7 attempts). Undeliverable after 7 attempts routed to DLQ for manual replay. Delivery rate SLO: 99.9%.
Migrating from a Legacy Payment Switch
Legacy switch migrations fail when they are treated as big-bang cutovers. Hyperion-X is designed for a phased, risk-minimized migration that runs the new and old systems in parallel until confidence is established.
Migration Phases
| Phase | Duration | What Happens | Rollback Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Shadow mode | 2–4 weeks | Hyperion-X receives a mirrored copy of live traffic. Processes, scores, and logs — but does not respond to terminals. Output compared against legacy for discrepancy analysis. | Zero — legacy still authoritative |
| 2. Pilot rail | 4–8 weeks | One transaction type (e.g., domestic debit POS) routed through Hyperion-X for real. Legacy handles all other types. Monitoring gates: error rate, latency SLO, reconciliation match. | Instant re-route to legacy if gate fails |
| 3. Progressive cutover | 4–12 weeks | Transaction types and volumes progressively shifted to Hyperion-X (10% → 25% → 50% → 100%) per rail. Each increment requires 48-hour stability window before proceeding. | Traffic weight adjustable in < 30 seconds |
| 4. Legacy decommission | 4–8 weeks | Legacy switch kept warm (signed on, zero traffic) for 30 days as fallback. Decommissioned after 30 clean days. Keys and HSM configuration securely archived. | Warm legacy can take traffic within 60 seconds |
ISO 20022 CBPR+ Migration
Data Migration Checklist
Integration Prerequisites
| Requirement | Detail |
|---|---|
| Scheme BIN range transfer | BIN ranges re-registered under new acquirer/issuer BIN; ~4–8 weeks scheme lead time |
| HSM provisioning | New HSM rack installed and PCI PTS certified before key ceremony |
| Network connectivity | Scheme dedicated line provisioned; 6–12 weeks telco lead time (plan accordingly) |
| Core banking integration | REST or ISO 20022 adapter between Hyperion-X and CBS; ledger dual-posting during parallel run |
| Fraud model baseline | 24 months of transaction history required for ML model cold start; provided via bulk upload API |
Technical Glossary
Key terms used in this document and in conversations with Hyperion-X technical teams.
Payment Messaging
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ISO 8583 | International standard for card transaction messaging. Defines message format (MTI, bitmap, data elements) used between POS terminals, acquirers, switches, and issuers. |
| ISO 20022 | Financial messaging standard used for real-time payments, SWIFT cross-border transfers, SEPA, and correspondent banking. Uses XML/JSON with rich structured data vs ISO 8583's fixed field format. |
| MTI | Message Type Indicator. 4-digit code in ISO 8583 identifying the version, class (financial/network), function (request/response), and origin of a message. E.g., 0200 = financial transaction request. |
| STAN | System Trace Audit Number. 6-digit number assigned by the originating system; used to match requests to responses within a processing day. |
| RRN | Retrieval Reference Number. 12-character reference assigned by the acquirer; used for transaction retrieval and dispute referencing. |
| UETR | Unique End-to-End Transaction Reference. UUID assigned to each ISO 20022 payment; tracks the transaction across all correspondent hops in the SWIFT network. |
| pacs | Payment Clearing and Settlement — the ISO 20022 message family for payment processing (pacs.008 = credit transfer, pacs.004 = return, etc.). |
| camt | Cash Management — the ISO 20022 message family for account statements, balance reports, and notifications. |
| CBPR+ | Cross-Border Payments and Reporting Plus. SWIFT's implementation guidelines for ISO 20022 cross-border payments, mandatory from November 2025. |
Cryptography & Security
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ZMK | Zone Master Key. Top-level symmetric key used to encrypt other keys (ZPK) for secure transport between HSMs. Never used directly for transaction processing. |
| ZPK | Zone PIN Key. Symmetric key used to encrypt PIN blocks for transport between terminal and issuer host. Encrypted under ZMK for storage and transport. |
| KCV | Key Check Value. A 3-byte value (first 3 bytes of encrypting a block of zeros with the key) used to verify key integrity without revealing the key itself. |
| DUKPT | Derived Unique Key Per Transaction. A key management scheme where each transaction uses a unique derived key; compromise of one transaction key reveals nothing about others. |
| HSM | Hardware Security Module. Tamper-resistant physical device that generates, stores, and uses cryptographic keys. Keys never leave the HSM in plaintext. |
| ML-KEM | Module-Lattice-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism. NIST FIPS 203 post-quantum standard replacing RSA/ECDH for key exchange. |
| ML-DSA | Module-Lattice-based Digital Signature Algorithm. NIST FIPS 204 post-quantum standard replacing ECDSA/RSA for digital signatures. |
| P2PE | Point-to-Point Encryption. PCI standard for encrypting card data from the moment of swipe/tap until decryption in a secure environment, preventing card data from being exposed at the terminal. |
| TEE | Trusted Execution Environment. Hardware-isolated compute environment (e.g., ARM TrustZone, Intel TDX) where code and data are protected from the host OS and hypervisor. |
Card & Transaction Processing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| BIN | Bank Identification Number. First 6–8 digits of a card PAN that identify the issuing institution, card product, and network. |
| PAN | Primary Account Number. The full card number (typically 16 digits). Considered sensitive cardholder data under PCI DSS; must be stored encrypted or as a token. |
| ARQC | Application Request Cryptogram. A cryptogram generated by an EMV chip card during online authorization to prove the card is present and authentic. |
| ARPC | Application Response Cryptogram. Generated by the issuer to prove to the card that the issuer is legitimate; prevents offline PIN relay attacks. |
| EMV | Europay, Mastercard, Visa. Global standard for chip card transactions. Defines the application selection, cardholder verification, and authorization protocol for contact and contactless cards. |
| SCA | Strong Customer Authentication. PSD2 requirement to authenticate payments using at least two of: something you know (PIN), something you have (device/card), something you are (biometric). |
| MCC | Merchant Category Code. 4-digit ISO 18245 code classifying the merchant's business type. Used for interchange calculation, fraud rules, rewards multipliers, and regulatory reporting. |
| MDR | Merchant Discount Rate. The fee charged to the merchant for accepting card payments, typically expressed as a percentage of transaction value. Covers interchange, scheme fees, and acquirer margin. |
| Interchange | The fee paid by the acquirer to the issuer on each card transaction. Set by card schemes based on card type, MCC, channel, and geography. |
| DCC | Dynamic Currency Conversion. Service allowing a cardholder to pay in their home currency at a foreign merchant; the exchange rate (with margin) is shown at the point of sale. |
| TAVV | Token Authentication Verification Value. A cryptogram generated for network token transactions (Visa) proving the token is being used by the authorised device. |
| Floor limit | Maximum transaction amount that a terminal can approve offline without online authorization. Above the floor limit, online authorization is required. |
| Chargeback | A forced transaction reversal initiated by the cardholder's issuer through the card scheme. The acquirer and merchant must dispute or accept the chargeback within scheme deadlines. |
Settlement & Treasury
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nostro | "Our account at your bank." An account held by a domestic bank at a foreign correspondent bank, used to facilitate foreign currency settlements. |
| Vostro | "Your account at our bank." The correspondent's account held at our institution; the vostro of one bank is the nostro of the other. |
| Multilateral netting | A process where multiple bilateral obligations between participants are netted to a single net position per participant, dramatically reducing the number of actual fund movements required. |
| T+0 / T+1 / T+2 | Settlement timing conventions. T+0 means funds settle on the same day as the transaction; T+1 means the following business day; T+2 means two business days later. |
| Float | In agency banking: the electronic money balance held by an agent, used to fulfill cash-out requests and fund cash-in credits. Not to be confused with float in general finance. |
| CRDT | Conflict-free Replicated Data Type. A data structure designed so that replicas can be updated independently and merged without coordination or conflict, enabling multi-region active-active replication. |
Compliance & Regulatory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| PCI DSS | Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. A set of security requirements for organisations that store, process, or transmit cardholder data. v4.0.1 is the current version. |
| FAPI 2.0 | Financial-grade API. An OpenID Foundation profile of OAuth 2.0 / OIDC with additional security requirements (PAR, DPoP, JARM) for high-value financial API access. |
| PSD2 | EU Payment Services Directive 2. Mandates Open Banking access, SCA for electronic payments, and licensing of third-party payment service providers (TPPs). |
| FATF | Financial Action Task Force. Inter-governmental body that sets global AML/CFT standards, including the Travel Rule for wire transfers and virtual asset transfers. |
| STR | Suspicious Transaction Report. A mandatory report filed with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) when a financial institution suspects a transaction involves money laundering or terrorism financing. |
| KYC / KYB | Know Your Customer / Know Your Business. Due diligence processes to verify the identity of individual customers (KYC) or business clients (KYB) before onboarding. |
| TLA+ | A formal specification language for describing and model-checking concurrent and distributed systems. Used in Hyperion-X to mathematically prove correctness of critical state machines. |
| QWAC | Qualified Website Authentication Certificate. An eIDAS-defined certificate for PSD2 TPP identification; must be issued by a Qualified Trust Service Provider (QTSP) and include PSD2 role claims. |
Frequently Asked Questions
What programming language is Hyperion-X written in?
The v1.0 platform is Python 3.11+ throughout — async via asyncio, typed with Pydantic v2, served via FastAPI. The v1.1 Rust hot-path replaces the data-plane authorization core for 50k TPS targets while preserving the Python control plane.
How does it handle idempotency?
Every payment request carries a payment_id (UUID7). The idempotency gate acquires a distributed lock (Redis or PostgreSQL advisory lock) before processing; duplicate submissions within the TTL window return the cached result without re-processing. The TLA+ spec idempotency_protocol.tla formally proves no double-processing is possible.
What happens if the HSM fails?
The system fails closed, not open — authorizations requiring HSM-backed cryptography reject with a safe decline code rather than bypassing security. SIEM emits a critical alert. No PIN or key material is exposed in error responses. This behavior is CI-tested in test_hsm_failure.py (chaos scenario).
How is multi-tenancy enforced?
Every database query requires an explicit tenant_id parameter — enforced at the repository method signature level. Cross-tenant data access is prevented at the application layer, with PostgreSQL row-level security as a defence-in-depth backstop.
How does the platform scale horizontally?
Data-plane workers are stateless; they scale horizontally behind a load balancer. Session state (idempotency tokens, rate limit counters) lives in Redis. The ledger and settlement engine use PostgreSQL with read replicas. Kafka provides backpressure-managed buffering between ingress and processing tiers.
What is the migration path from a legacy ISO 8583 switch?
Hyperion-X supports a shadow-processing deployment where it receives a mirrored copy of live traffic, processes it, and logs discrepancies — without affecting production. Once confidence is established (typically 2–4 weeks), traffic is cut over. The built-in MT→MX converter and CBPR+ validator support parallel ISO 20022 migration.
Is the platform certified against Visa / Mastercard?
The platform ships a certification test harness covering Visa ADVT and Mastercard MPE test cases. Full scheme certification requires a formal engagement with each network; the harness significantly reduces the certification timeline by running the required test cases in-house before submission.
How is sensitive data handled (PAN, PIN, CVV)?
PANs are truncated/masked in all logs. PIN blocks are processed exclusively within HSM boundaries — the clear PIN never touches application memory. CVV2 values are verified and immediately discarded; never stored. PAN storage uses format-preserving encryption (FF3-1). All handling is gated by automated PCI DSS evidence tests.
What observability is included?
Prometheus metrics on every service (request count, latency histograms, error rates). OpenTelemetry distributed tracing with W3C traceparent propagation across all payment path hops. SIEM export in CEF format to Splunk HEC. SLA breach alerts in PagerDuty Events API v2 format. Grafana dashboards included.
What is the disaster recovery posture?
Multi-region active-active with CRDT state replication gives RPO = 0 for committed transactions. Geo-failover completes within 30 seconds (formally proven by geo_failover_fsm.tla). PostgreSQL hot standby provides HA within a single region. Backup snapshots to object storage every 15 minutes.